Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) is a standout native North American tree known for its unusual leaf shapes and unforgettable spicy aroma. You will often see three leaf forms on the same plant: unlobed oval leaves, classic "mitten" leaves, and three-lobed leaves. In spring, clusters of greenish-yellow flowers appear before or as leaves expand; plants are typically male or female, and pollinated female trees can set small blue-black drupes held in showy red cups and stems. Come fall, the foliage can turn brilliant yellow, orange, purple, and red for a memorable seasonal display.
Give sassafras room to grow and to express its natural character. Mature trees can reach about 30-60 feet tall with a broad canopy, and they commonly spread by root suckers to form colonies or thickets. If you prefer a single-trunk specimen, plan to remove suckers as they appear. Because sassafras develops a large taproot, you will get the best results by planting young stock and choosing the site carefully from the start.
For easiest care, plant in average, well-drained soil and keep it evenly moist while it establishes. It prefers moist, acidic, loamy soil but adapts to other well-drained soils and can tolerate periodic dryness once established. Site it in full sun to part shade; more sun typically encourages stronger fall color. Mulch to conserve moisture and moderate soil temperature, and avoid frequent root disturbance around the plant. Sassafras is also noted for tolerating drought and for handling conditions near black walnut.
Use sassafras as a lawn specimen, in a naturalized woodland edge, or as a screen where it has space to colonize. Its aromatic leaves and twigs add sensory interest, and its flowers, fruiting on female plants, and fall foliage bring multi-season appeal to your landscape.